{"id":14231,"date":"2025-07-28T10:09:21","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T10:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wagmc.ug.edu.gh\/staging\/?page_id=14231"},"modified":"2025-08-04T10:03:46","modified_gmt":"2025-08-04T10:03:46","slug":"cancer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wagmc.ug.edu.gh\/staging\/cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Cancer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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The prevalence of cancer is increasing in Africa where access to diagnostic services, treatment, prevention\nand control are limited and\/or unavailable.<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Haematological malignancies including non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), leukaemia, Hodgkin lymphomas, and multiple myeloma have emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in SSA and account for nearly 10% of the overall cancer burden in the region (47). Malignant lymphomas which comprises NHLs and Hodgkin Lymphomas (HLs) make up an estimated 3\u20134% of the worldwide distribution of malignancies(48). NHLs make up around 90%, and HLs account for the remaining of all malignant lymphomas. Thus, occurrence of NHLs has increased markedly over the past decades and, with an incidence of approximately 17 in 100,000.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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They are the most common haematological malignancies and is currently the fifth most common cancer diagnoses among patients in some developed countries. NHLs consist of many subtypes with diverse epidemiology, aetiology, morphological features, growth pattern, antigenic phenotype and biological behaviour. It is therefore imperative that multidisciplinary approach be used in their diagnoses. Histological, immunological and molecular techniques, are diagnostic tools used in NHLs and such resources are generally not available in countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, diagnosis of NHLs and other malignancies in the region are largely based on morphology.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tumours classifies lymphoid malignancies as distinct biological entities based on morphology, immunophenotype, Cytogenetics, Molecular studies and clinical features. The haematology department at KBTH has a large patient population with NHLs accounting for over 50 percent. Home resources for cytogenetics and molecular studies are not available and so the phenotypes are not known.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Under Construction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, it accounts for 1 in 6 deaths around the world.\"


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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWorld Health Organization<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Lung, colorectal, stomach, liver and breast cancers cause the most cancer deaths each year.\"


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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWorld Health Organization<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for cancer causing over 20% of global cancer deaths.\"


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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWorld Health Organization<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Cancer arises from the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries. The change may be started by external agents and inherited genetic factors.\"\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWorld Health Organization<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"More than 60% of world\u2019s total new annual cases occur in Africa, Asia and Central and South America. These regions account for 70% of the world\u2019s cancer deaths.\"\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWorld Health Organization<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Cancer The prevalence of cancer is increasing in Africa where access to diagnostic services, treatment, prevention and control are limited and\/or unavailable. Haematological malignancies including non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), leukaemia, Hodgkin lymphomas, and multiple myeloma have emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in SSA and account for nearly 10% of the overall cancer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14231","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wagmc.ug.edu.gh\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wagmc.ug.edu.gh\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wagmc.ug.edu.gh\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wagmc.ug.edu.gh\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wagmc.ug.edu.gh\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14231"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/wagmc.ug.edu.gh\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14231\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14454,"href":"https:\/\/wagmc.ug.edu.gh\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14231\/revisions\/14454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wagmc.ug.edu.gh\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}